9V Lithium Batteries
The most popular 9V lithium battery is a lithium battery simply labeled as a 9-volt battery, also known as E battery, PP3 battery, 6LR61 battery, 6F22 battery, 1604A battery, 1604D battery, MN1604 battery, etc.
9V lithium batteries are offered as non-rechargeable and as rechargeable batteries and are used to power various smaller devices including remote controllers, toys, flashlights, security systems, and similar.
Updated: September 18, 2024.
9V Lithium Batteries Features and Specifications
9-volt flat/rectangular battery features physical dimensions of (H x L x W) 48.5 x 26.5 x 17.5 mm with a nominal voltage between 7.4V and 11.1V and capacity between 200mAh and 1200mAh.
Note that the 9-volt flat/rectangular is offered in other chemistries as well, including zinc-carbon, alkaline, NiCd, NiMH, etc.
But, lithium 9-volt flat/rectangular batteries offer the best capacity with a rather stable voltage.
9V lithium batteries feature 2-3 lithium cells connected in series in order to achieve 7.4-11.1 volts, depending on the exact battery chemistry.
The following comparison chart lists some of the most popular 9-volt battery chemistries with their most important features and specifications:
| Battery Type | Typical Capacity | Nominal Voltage | |
| Primary (Non-Rechargeable) |
Zinc-Carbon | 400 mAh | 9V |
| Alkaline | 550-600 mAh | 9V | |
| Lithium | 1200 mAh | 9V | |
| Secondary (Rechargeable) |
NiCd | 100-120 mAh | 7.2, 8.4, 9.6V |
| NiMH | 175-300 mAh | 7.2, 8.4, 9.6V | |
| Lithium Polymer | 500-550 mAh | 7.4V (11.1V) | |
| Lithium-Ion | 600-650 mAh | 7.4V (11.1V) | |
| LiFePO4 | 200-320 mAh | 9.6V | |
For a long time, the most popular 9V batteries were non-rechargeable zinc-carbon and alkaline 9V batteries consisting of 6 (six) cells internally connected in series in order to provide 9 volts.
As soon as the battery is being used, actual voltage drops below 9 volts, with most devices intended for 9V battery supporting input voltage down to 6-7 volts.
Non-rechargeable 9V lithium batteries are based on the Lithium Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2) chemistry and feature 3 (three) 3V cells connected in series in order to provide a nominal voltage of 9V, a cutoff voltage of 6.0 volts, and a nominal capacity of ~1200 mAh.
Also, many Li-MnO2 9V batteries are able to provide rather strong currents, often in excess of 1 Amp.
Rechargeable 9V lithium batteries are based on various lithium battery chemistries, including Lithium Polymer, Lithium-Ion, and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry.
Lithium Polymer and Lithium-Ion 9V batteries can have two cells connected in series in order to achieve a maximum voltage of 8.4 volts and a nominal voltage of 7.4V or they can have three cells connected in series in order to achieve a maximum voltage of 12.6 volts and a nominal voltage of 11.1V.
Most Lithium Polymer and Lithium-Ion batteries have TWO cells in series - devices intended for 9V non-rechargeable batteries can operate with voltages below 9V (usually down to 6V), however, higher voltages can even damage sensitive devices.
Some of the most popular rechargeable 9V Li-ion batteries are EBL USB Rechargeable 9V Lithium Batteries (Amazon link, link opens in the new window), offering 8.2-8.4V when fully charged, 5400 mWh capacity, with 2-hour charging time via USB charging ports and EBL Rechargeable 9V Lithium Batteries/Charger Combo (Amazon link, link opens in the new window) with batteries featuring 600mAh capacity and self-discharge rate of only 20% in three years!
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries have 3 (three) 3.2V cells connected in series in order to provide 9.6V - in most cases, devices intended for non-rechargeable 9V batteries work just fine with 9.6V LiFePO4 batteries.
But, just in case, if You plan on powering a 9V device with a 9.6V battery, check the documentation of the device if it is safe to power it by 9.6V battery.
Lithium 9V Batteries vs. Other 9V Battery Chemistries
The following comparison chart lists some of the most popular Zinc-Carbon, Alkaline, NiMH, NiCD, and various lithium 9V batteries:
| Battery Datasheet |
Capacity | Operating Temperature | Annual Self-Discharge Rate Discharge Current |
| Duracell MN1604 (6LR61) | 700 mAh @2mA down to 5.0V 620 mAh @10mA down to 5.0V 250 mAh @250mA down to 5.0V |
-20°C to +54°C | - - |
| Duracell MN1604 (6LP3146) | 715 mAh @2mA down to 5.0V 590 mAh @10mA down to 5.0V ~180 mAh @250mAh down to 5.0V |
-20°C to +54°C | - - |
| Duracell Quantum QU1604 | 685 mAh @2mA down to 5.0V 610 mAh @10mA down to 5.0V 300 mAh @250mAh down to 5.0V |
-20°C to +54°C | - - |
| Energizer 522 | 600 mAh @10mA down to 4.8V 580 mAh @25mA down to 4.8V |
-18°C to +55°C | shelf life 5 years @21°C - |
| Energizer L522 (Lithium) |
~780 mAh @25mA down to 5.4V | -40°C to +60°C | shelf life 10 years 1000mA max. cont. |
| Energizer NH22-175 (HR22) (NiMH - 8.4V) |
175 mAh @17.5mA down to 4V @21°C | 0°C to 50°C | - 1.0C (175 mA) cont. |
| GP Batteries GN1604A (Alkaline Low Drain) |
(load dependant) | -20°C to +60°C | shelf life up to 5 years - |
| GP Batteries GN1604AUP (Alkaline High Drain) |
(load dependant) | -20°C to +60°C | shelf life up to 5 years - |
| GP Batteries GN1604G (Zinc Carbon) |
(load dependant) | - | shelf life up to 3 years - |
| GP Batteries GP17R8H (NiMH - 8.4V) |
175 mAh @34mA down to 7.0V @20°C | -20°C to 50°C | - 510 mA max. cont. |
| GP Batteries GP17R9H (NiMH - 9.6V) |
175 mAh @34mA down to 8.0V @20°C | -20°C to 50°C | - 510 mA max. cont. |
| GP Batteries GP20R7H (NiMH - 7.2V) |
200 mAh @40mA down to 6.0V @20°C | -20°C to 50°C | - 600 mA max. cont. |
| GP Batteries GP20R8H (NiMH - 8.4V) |
200 mAh @40mA down to 7.0V @20°C | -20°C to 50°C | - 600 mA max. cont. |
| GP Batteries GPCR-V9 (Lithium) |
800mAh @10mA down to 5.4V @23°C | -40°C to +60°C | shelf life up to 10 years - |
| Panasonic 6LF22XWA | ~600 mAh @10mA down to 5.4V ~400mAh @100mA down to 5.4V |
-20°C to +54°C | shelf life 5 years down to 85% capacity - |
| Procell 9V (6LR61) PC1604 | 673 mAh @2mA down to 5.0V | -20°C to +54°C | - - |
| Rayovac A1604 6LR61 | (load dependant) | -30°C to +55°C | 5 years @21°C - |
| Saft LS 9 V (Li-SOCl2) |
1200 mAh @1mA down to 6.0V @20°C | -60°C to +85°C | <1% @20°C 100mA max. pulse 35mA max. cont. |
| Ultralife U9VL-J-P (Lithium) |
1200 mAh @900Ω to 5.4V @23°C | -20°C to +60°C | <1% annually @23°C 500mA max. cont. |
| Varta V 7/8 H (NiMH - 8.4V) |
180 mAh | - | ~25% annually - |
As one can see, lithium 9V batteries generally have higher capacity, lower self-discharge rate, wider temperature range, and except Li-SOCl2 chemistry, can provide stronger continuous currents.
What are the Advantages of Using 9V Lithium Batteries Over Alkaline Types?
9V lithium batteries offer several advantages over their alkaline counterparts, making them a preferred choice for specific applications:
- Longer Lifespan: Lithium batteries generally last much longer than alkaline batteries, especially in devices that require a consistent draw of power. This makes them ideal for critical applications like smoke detectors and professional audio equipment.
- Better Performance in Extreme Conditions: Lithium batteries perform significantly better in both extremely cold and hot environments, maintaining a consistent power output where alkaline batteries might fail.
- Lighter Weight: Lithium batteries are lighter than alkaline batteries, which can be beneficial for portable devices where weight is a consideration.
- Lower Self-Discharge Rate: They have a much lower self-discharge rate, meaning they hold their charge longer when not in use. This trait makes them suitable for emergency or backup devices that need to remain functional over long periods without maintenance.
- Higher Voltage Stability: Lithium batteries offer better voltage stability under load, providing a more consistent power output throughout the life of the battery.
These features make 9V lithium batteries highly effective for devices that need reliable, long-lasting power, especially in professional or critical settings.
Can 9V lithium batteries be used in smoke detectors?
Yes, 9V lithium batteries can be used in smoke detectors and are often recommended for this application due to their long lifespan and reliability.
Lithium 9V batteries can provide consistent power for up to 10 years, which aligns well with the replacement schedule of many smoke detectors.
This long-lasting performance helps ensure that smoke detectors remain operational over extended periods, reducing the frequency of battery changes and providing a dependable power source for critical safety equipment.
However, it's important to check the smoke detector's manufacturer recommendations before using a lithium battery, as some models are specifically designed to work best with alkaline batteries.
Using the recommended battery type ensures optimal functionality and compliance with safety standards.
How do 9V Lithium Batteries Perform in Cold Weather Conditions?
9V lithium batteries are known for their superior performance in cold weather conditions, which makes them especially valuable for applications that must function reliably in outdoor or unheated environments. The performance in cold weather varies slightly depending on the specific chemistry of the lithium battery:
Lithium Iron Disulfide (Li-FeS2)
- Performance: These batteries are extremely effective in cold conditions, capable of operating efficiently in temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F). They maintain a higher voltage and longer runtime compared to other battery types under these conditions.
- Applications: Ideal for outdoor devices, emergency location transmitters, and other critical equipment in extreme environments.
Lithium Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO2)
- Performance: Similar to lithium iron disulfide, lithium manganese dioxide batteries offer excellent performance in cold weather, effectively functioning in temperatures down to -30°C (-22°F). They provide stable voltage and energy density, ensuring reliable operation.
- Applications: Commonly used in medical devices, security equipment, and other electronics that require consistent power in cold settings.
Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SOCl2)
- Performance: This chemistry is perhaps the most robust for cold weather operation among common lithium batteries, capable of functioning at temperatures as low as -55°C (-67°F). They offer the highest energy density and a very low self-discharge rate, making them suitable for very long-term applications in harsh environments.
- Applications: Frequently used in military and aerospace applications, telemetry equipment, and environmental monitoring systems.
Rechargeable Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion), Lithium Polymer (Li-Po), and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries generally operate down to 32°F (0°C) without issues, with 14°F (-10°C) being the lowest recommended temperature at which their built-in Battery Management Systems (BMS) usually cut-off the battery from the rest of the world in order to protect it from cold temperatures damage.
Some lithium rechargeable battery models operate down to -4°F (-20°C) or even somewhat below, but such models are rare and expensive.
Overall, lithium batteries, regardless of their specific chemistry, outperform alkaline and other battery types in cold weather due to their ability to maintain high energy density and voltage stability in low temperatures. This makes them an excellent choice for critical applications where battery failure is not an option.
Long Story Short: Lithium non-rechargeable 9V battery offers the best capacity (1200 mAh) and the most stable output voltage of all 9V battery chemistries and it is directly compatible with older 9V zinc-carbon and alkaline 9V batteries.
Some of the most popular lithium 9V batteries are (Amazon links, the links open in the new windows):
- Energizer 9V Lithium Non-Rechargeable Battery
- EBL 9V Lithium Rechargeable Batteries With Battery Charger
Other brands also offer very good 9V lithium batteries, but these are the most popular. Also, when replacing old batteries with new ones, be sure to recycle old batteries properly.